:root{color-scheme:light;--space-1:4px;--space-2:8px;--space-3:12px;--space-4:16px;--space-5:24px;--space-6:32px;--space-7:48px;--space-8:64px;--radius-sm:6px;--radius-md:10px;--radius-lg:16px;--radius-xl:20px;--radius-2xl:24px;--radius-pill:999px;--font-size-xs:12px;--font-size-sm:14px;--font-size-md:16px;--font-size-lg:20px;--font-size-xl:28px;--font-size-display:72px;--font-mono:ui-monospace, "SF Mono", Menlo, monospace;--tracking-label:.06em;--scale-number:24cqi;--size-container-width:100cqi;--font-weight-light:300;--font-weight-regular:400;--font-weight-semibold:600;--font-weight-bold:700;--font-weight-heavy:800;--font-weight-black:900;--font-size-bike-sm:15px;--font-size-bike-md:18px;--font-size-bike-lg:22px;--font-size-bike-xl:26px;--font-size-bike-live:30px;--font-size-bike-number:64px;--font-size-key-text:.95em;--font-size-key-plain:1.3em;--font-size-key-tile:32px;--font-size-key-tile-plain:48px;--tracking-tight:-.02em;--tracking-wordmark:.04em;--font-size-wordmark:17px;--font-size-nav:15px;--tracking-number:-.03em;--font-size-hero-phone:72px;--font-size-countdown:64px;--font-size-countdown-phone:40px;--font-size-number-md:48px;--font-size-number-phone:44px;--font-size-cue:24px;--font-size-dialog-action:17px;--font-size-label-sm:13px;--font-size-micro:11px;--font-size-stat:34px;--font-size-stat-phone:28px;--font-size-title:30px;--font-size-title-phone:24px;--font-size-field:22px;--size-titlebar:36px;--size-nav-item:40px;--size-nav-accent:4px;--size-control-large:56px;--size-control-bike:48px;--size-touch:44px;--size-tile-min-width:21rem;--size-range-bar-min-width:14rem;--size-tile-min-height:236px;--size-scan-card-min-width:20rem;--size-dialog-row-min-height:76px;--size-radio:28px;--size-signal-bar-width:5px;--size-signal-height:18px;--size-pulse:14px;--size-spinner:16px;--size-watermark:110px;--size-facts-label:160px;--size-dot:10px;--size-accent:8px;--size-thumb:28px;--size-track:8px;--size-battery-width:1.75em;--size-battery-height:.9em;--size-key-text:1.6em;--size-key-tile:56px;--size-log-height:60vh;--size-reading-min:140px;--size-switch-width:48px;--size-switch-height:28px;--size-profile-height:72px;--size-workout-card-min-width:19rem;--size-similar-profile-width:150px;--size-similar-profile-height:44px;--size-search-min-width:14rem;--size-integration-text-min:18rem;--size-stepper-value:92px;--size-stepper-value-phone:64px;--size-ride-graph-height:230px;--size-ride-graph-min-height:140px;--size-ride-band-height:56px;--size-graph-axis:34px;--size-progress:4px;--size-stroke-trace:2.5px;--size-stroke-trace-thin:1px;--size-trace-strip:8px;--size-trace-swatch:12px;--size-stroke-series:2px;--size-stroke-series-halo:5px;--size-legend-line:16px;--size-sparkline-width:9rem;--size-sparkline-height:2.625rem;--size-stroke-ftp:2px;--size-stroke-position:3px;--size-stroke-position-halo:9px;--size-marker:7px;--size-trace-head:14px;--size-trace-head-ring:3px;--blur-cue:8px;--size-stat-min-width:9.5rem;--size-select-cell-min-width:14rem;--size-zone-label:170px;--size-zone-time:56px;--size-zone-bar:14px;--size-ride-row:80px;--size-ride-row-graph-height:3rem;--size-ride-row-graph-col:clamp(5rem, 14cqw, 12rem);--size-ride-col:84px;--size-ride-date-col:150px;--size-ride-duration-col:70px;--size-field:140px;--size-swatch:14px;--size-chip-icon:1em;--size-underline-offset:3px;--size-summary-graph:150px;--size-sync-bar-width:13.75rem;--size-sync-bar-height:6px;--border-width:1px;--border-width-thick:2px;--layout-sidebar:10rem;--layout-narrow:48rem;--layout-content:80rem;--layout-dialog:36rem;--layout-dialog-bike:40rem;--layout-dialog-wide:50rem;--layout-dialog-paused:30rem;--layout-dialog-tap:44rem;--layout-dialog-detail:45rem;--layout-sign-in:23.75rem;--layout-notes:52rem;--layout-goal-page:62rem;--layout-reading-name:9rem;--layout-range-bar:22rem;--layout-side-card:16rem;--size-notes-gutter:7rem;--size-change-day:6rem;--size-notes-toc:12rem;--size-detail-ride:10rem;--size-plan-card-min-width:18rem;--size-timeline-track:5.75rem;--size-timeline-lead-min:6.5rem;--size-timeline-flag:.75rem;--size-goal-list:21rem;--size-goal-pane:26.5rem;--size-goal-suggestion:18.75rem;--size-goal-plan-card:13rem;--size-goal-why:15rem;--size-goal-context:18rem;--size-plan-bars-height:28px;--size-plan-bar-gap:3px;--size-plan-day-min-height:76px;--size-plan-week-col:8.5rem;--size-plan-day-label:3rem;--size-cal-day-min-height:112px;--size-cal-entry-bar:4px;--size-cal-rail:3px;--size-cal-plan-strip:20px;--size-curve-height:230px;--size-health-plot:9rem;--size-health-plot-short:5.5rem;--size-health-plot-tall:12rem;--size-health-gutter:3rem;--size-health-dot:.5rem;--size-health-dot-dense:.3125rem;--size-health-mark:1rem;--size-health-mark-dense:.375rem;--size-health-readout:16rem;--size-readout-min-width:14rem;--size-of-target-bar:64px;--size-weekday-button:48px;--size-week-set-col:12rem;--size-chapters-col:15rem;--size-readout-chart:5rem;--size-when-col:9rem;--size-week-content:56rem;--size-week-rail:18rem;--size-week-date:4.5rem;--size-week-date-narrow:3.5rem;--size-week-profile:11rem;--size-week-profile-height:38px;--size-week-pager:38px;--size-week-plan-row:6rem;--size-week-plan-shape:10.5rem;--size-week-bar:8px;--size-home-tile-min-width:13rem;--size-home-ride-height:56px;--size-home-ride-width:12.5rem;--size-home-profile-height:64px;--size-home-side:17.5rem;--size-home-scale:15rem;--size-mark-disc:1.25rem;--size-mark-disc-sm:1rem;--size-mark-glyph:.75rem;--size-mark-glyph-sm:.625rem;--size-week-day-min:84px;--size-week-day-min-narrow:70px;--size-inline-min:14ch;--size-next-profile:7.5rem;--size-next-profile-height:34px;--size-home-card-skeleton:23.75rem;--size-home-reads-skeleton:12rem;--space-half:2px;--space-1-5:6px;--size-home-page:66.25rem;--font-size-home-ride:22px;--size-mini-strip:124px;--size-mini-power:196px;--size-mini-step:176px;--size-mini-side:160px;--size-mini-times:168px;--size-mini-feedback:76px;--size-mini-controls:196px;--size-mini-axis:13px;--size-mini-meter:72px;--size-mini-meter-height:6px;--size-mini-side-label:40px;--size-mini-side-number:2.1em;--size-mini-start:64px;--size-mini-icon:24px;--size-ride-minimal-icon:18px;--size-mini-pause-width:18px;--size-mini-pause-height:15px;--size-stroke-mini-trace:1.5px;--size-stroke-mini-trace-halo:3.5px;--size-stroke-position-thin:2px;--size-stroke-position-thin-halo:7px;--size-stroke-bracket:1.2px;--size-trace-head-mini:10px;--size-trace-head-ring-mini:2px;--font-size-mini-number:46px;--font-size-mini-side:28px;--font-size-mini-label:10.5px;--font-size-mini-axis:9.5px;--motion-fast:.12s;--motion-base:.2s;--motion-draw:1.6s}:root,[data-theme=light]{--v2-page:#f3f3f2;--v2-card:#fff;--v2-inset:#f4f3f6;--v2-chip:#f1f0f3;--v2-caution-chip:#f6d24a;--v2-on-caution-chip:#16171a;--v2-alert-chip:#c8283a;--v2-on-alert-chip:#fff;--v2-ink:#16171a;--v2-mute:#5b5e66;--v2-faint:#b7b4bd;--v2-tick:#8e8b95;--v2-brand:#26215c;--v2-on-brand:#fff;--v2-iris:#5246e0;--v2-on-iris:#fff;--v2-focus:#26215c;--v2-trace:#16171a;--v2-position:#1a6fc0;--v2-cadence:#6a4bc9;--v2-heart-rate:#c2386f;--v2-heart-zone-1:#f2d3df;--v2-heart-zone-2:#e7afc5;--v2-heart-zone-3:#dc8cab;--v2-heart-zone-4:#cf648f;--v2-heart-zone-5:#c2386f;--v2-on-heart-zone-1:#16171a;--v2-on-heart-zone-2:#16171a;--v2-on-heart-zone-3:#16171a;--v2-on-heart-zone-4:#16171a;--v2-on-heart-zone-5:#fff;--v2-zone-1:#bfbab1;--v2-zone-2:#c9e98f;--v2-zone-3:#f1c623;--v2-zone-4:#f89d15;--v2-zone-5:#f46622;--v2-zone-6:#db2a3d;--v2-zone-6-tile:#ce1733;--v2-zone-7:#752257;--v2-on-zone:#16171a;--v2-on-zone-deep:#fff;--v2-ridden-tint:30%;--v2-key-y:#0b7f96;--v2-key-z:#c8402b;--v2-key-a:#257a4a;--v2-key-b:#b944ae;--v2-on-key:#fff;--v2-service-strava:#fc4c02;--v2-service-strava-strong:#e34402;--v2-on-service-strava:#000;--v2-service-eight-sleep:#1862ff;--v2-service-eight-sleep-strong:#0f4fd8;--v2-on-service-eight-sleep:#fff;--v2-service-trainerroad:#da291c;--v2-service-trainerroad-strong:#c7251a;--v2-on-service-trainerroad:#fff;--v2-service-zwift:#f85a17;--v2-service-zwift-strong:#df4f12;--v2-on-service-zwift:#000;--v2-service-wahoo:#fff;--v2-service-wahoo-strong:#e2e2e2;--v2-on-service-wahoo:#000;--v2-stage-awake:color-mix(in srgb, var(--v2-ink) 24%, var(--v2-card));--v2-stage-rem:color-mix(in srgb, var(--v2-ink) 46%, var(--v2-card));--v2-stage-light:color-mix(in srgb, var(--v2-ink) 70%, var(--v2-card));--v2-stage-deep:var(--v2-ink);--v2-day-1:#bfbab1;--v2-day-2:#c9e98f;--v2-day-3:#f1c623;--v2-day-4:#f89d15;--v2-day-5:#f46622;--v2-day-6:#ce1733;--v2-day-7:#752257;--v2-on-day:#16171a;--v2-on-day-deep:#fff;--v2-day-window:#fff;--v2-day-ring:0%;--v2-day-glow:55%;--v2-day-glow-offset:22px;--v2-day-wash:0%;--v2-day-wash-reach:60%;--v2-day-row-1:color-mix(in srgb, var(--v2-zone-1) 14%, var(--v2-card));--v2-day-row-2:color-mix(in srgb, var(--v2-zone-2) 14%, var(--v2-card));--v2-day-row-3:color-mix(in srgb, var(--v2-zone-3) 14%, var(--v2-card));--v2-day-row-4:color-mix(in srgb, var(--v2-zone-4) 14%, var(--v2-card));--v2-day-row-5:color-mix(in srgb, var(--v2-zone-5) 14%, var(--v2-card));--v2-day-row-6:color-mix(in srgb, var(--v2-zone-6) 14%, var(--v2-card));--v2-day-row-7:color-mix(in srgb, var(--v2-zone-7) 14%, var(--v2-card));--v2-day-light-top:58%;--v2-day-light-mid:20%;--v2-day-light-reach:62%;--v2-suffra-light-top:22%;--v2-suffra-light-mid:8%;--v2-suffra-light-reach:82%;--v2-line:#16171a0f;--v2-line-strong:#16171a24;--v2-hover:#16171a0d;--v2-shadow-card:0 1px 2px #1617280a, 0 14px 34px -14px #16172829;--v2-shadow-raised:0 1px 2px #1617280f, 0 2px 8px -2px #1617281f;--v2-shadow-dialog:0 2px 6px #16172814, 0 32px 72px -24px #1617285c;--v2-scrim:#16171a5c;--v2-font-sans:"Inter Tight Variable", "Inter Tight", system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;--v2-font-size-xs:12px;--v2-font-size-sm:13px;--v2-font-size-body:15px;--v2-font-size-md:17px;--v2-font-size-note:19px;--v2-font-size-lg:24px;--v2-font-size-xl:32px;--v2-font-size-display:44px;--v2-font-weight-regular:400;--v2-font-weight-medium:500;--v2-font-weight-semibold:600;--v2-line-height:1.45;--v2-tracking-body:-.005em;--v2-tracking-heading:-.02em;--v2-measure:60ch;--v2-radius-card:26px;--v2-radius-inset:16px;--v2-radius-block:6px;--v2-radius-block-small:4px;--v2-size-nav-item:40px;--v2-size-tab-bar:60px;--v2-layout-sidebar:12.5rem;--v2-ride-column:#16171a12;--v2-ride-column-edge:#16171a73;--v2-ride-ftp:#16171a99;--v2-ride-grid:#16171a17;--v2-ride-skipped-tint:14%;--v2-stroke-ride-edge:1.5px;--v2-stroke-ride-ftp:1.5px;--v2-stroke-ride-window:1.5px;--v2-stroke-ride-position:2px;--v2-stroke-ride-lane:2px;--v2-font-size-ride-hero:128px;--v2-font-size-ride-hero-phone:96px;--v2-font-size-ride-step:96px;--v2-font-size-ride-step-phone:56px;--v2-font-size-ride-step-short:72px;--v2-font-size-ride-you:64px;--v2-font-size-ride-reading:56px;--v2-font-size-ride-reading-phone:40px;--v2-font-size-ride-clock:30px;--v2-font-size-ride-cue:24px;--v2-font-size-ride-cue-phone:18px;--v2-font-weight-ride-number:300;--v2-tracking-ride-number:-.045em;--v2-size-ride-gutter:74px;--v2-size-ride-strip:30px;--v2-size-ride-lane:46px;--v2-size-ride-lane-phone:34px;--v2-size-ride-graph-min:160px;--v2-size-ride-graph-min-short:110px;--v2-size-ride-step-min:200px;--v2-size-ride-dot:10px;--v2-size-ride-swatch:14px;--v2-size-ride-swatch-line:2px;--v2-size-ride-swatch-band:9px;--v2-size-ride-pill:380px;--v2-radius-ride-window:6px;--v2-radius-ride-lane:8px}[data-theme=dark]{--v2-page:#17191f;--v2-card:#202329;--v2-inset:#2a2e35;--v2-chip:#2a2e35;--v2-caution-chip:#f1c623;--v2-on-caution-chip:#16171a;--v2-alert-chip:#ff7a80;--v2-on-alert-chip:#16171a;--v2-ink:#f2f3f5;--v2-mute:#a3a8b2;--v2-faint:#3a3f47;--v2-tick:#6c717b;--v2-brand:#3d35b0;--v2-on-brand:#fff;--v2-iris:#9a93ff;--v2-on-iris:#16171a;--v2-focus:#f2f3f5;--v2-trace:#fff;--v2-position:#5ab8ff;--v2-cadence:#c4a8ff;--v2-heart-rate:#ff7eb6;--v2-heart-zone-1:#513748;--v2-heart-zone-2:#794761;--v2-heart-zone-3:#a1587b;--v2-heart-zone-4:#ce6a97;--v2-heart-zone-5:#ff7eb6;--v2-on-heart-zone-1:#fff;--v2-on-heart-zone-2:#fff;--v2-on-heart-zone-3:#fff;--v2-on-heart-zone-4:#16171a;--v2-on-heart-zone-5:#16171a;--v2-zone-1:#bfbab1;--v2-zone-2:#c9e98f;--v2-zone-3:#f1c623;--v2-zone-4:#f89d15;--v2-zone-5:#f46622;--v2-zone-6:#db2a3d;--v2-zone-6-tile:#ce1733;--v2-zone-7:#752257;--v2-on-zone:#16171a;--v2-on-zone-deep:#fff;--v2-ridden:#565c67;--v2-key-y:#0b7f96;--v2-key-z:#c8402b;--v2-key-a:#257a4a;--v2-key-b:#b944ae;--v2-on-key:#fff;--v2-service-strava:#fc4c02;--v2-service-strava-strong:#e34402;--v2-on-service-strava:#000;--v2-service-eight-sleep:#1862ff;--v2-service-eight-sleep-strong:#0f4fd8;--v2-on-service-eight-sleep:#fff;--v2-service-trainerroad:#da291c;--v2-service-trainerroad-strong:#c7251a;--v2-on-service-trainerroad:#fff;--v2-service-zwift:#f85a17;--v2-service-zwift-strong:#df4f12;--v2-on-service-zwift:#000;--v2-service-wahoo:#fff;--v2-service-wahoo-strong:#e2e2e2;--v2-on-service-wahoo:#000;--v2-stage-awake:color-mix(in srgb, var(--v2-ink) 24%, var(--v2-card));--v2-stage-rem:color-mix(in srgb, var(--v2-ink) 46%, var(--v2-card));--v2-stage-light:color-mix(in srgb, var(--v2-ink) 70%, var(--v2-card));--v2-stage-deep:var(--v2-ink);--v2-day-1:#2d2f34;--v2-day-2:#2e3331;--v2-day-3:#313029;--v2-day-4:#312d27;--v2-day-5:#312828;--v2-day-6:#2e222a;--v2-day-7:#27232d;--v2-on-day:#f2f3f5;--v2-on-day-deep:#f2f3f5;--v2-day-window:#17191f;--v2-day-ring:60%;--v2-day-glow:50%;--v2-day-glow-offset:0px;--v2-day-wash:34%;--v2-day-wash-reach:75%;--v2-day-row-1:color-mix(in srgb, var(--v2-zone-1) 13%, var(--v2-card));--v2-day-row-2:color-mix(in srgb, var(--v2-zone-2) 13%, var(--v2-card));--v2-day-row-3:color-mix(in srgb, var(--v2-zone-3) 13%, var(--v2-card));--v2-day-row-4:color-mix(in srgb, var(--v2-zone-4) 13%, var(--v2-card));--v2-day-row-5:color-mix(in srgb, var(--v2-zone-5) 13%, var(--v2-card));--v2-day-row-6:color-mix(in srgb, var(--v2-zone-6) 13%, var(--v2-card));--v2-day-row-7:color-mix(in srgb, var(--v2-zone-7) 13%, var(--v2-card));--v2-day-light-top:22%;--v2-day-light-mid:7%;--v2-day-light-reach:62%;--v2-suffra-light-top:45%;--v2-suffra-light-mid:15%;--v2-suffra-light-reach:82%;--v2-line:#ffffff12;--v2-line-strong:#ffffff1f;--v2-hover:#ffffff0d;--v2-shadow-card:0 0 0 1px #ffffff0f;--v2-shadow-raised:0 0 0 1px #ffffff14;--v2-shadow-dialog:0 0 0 1px #ffffff14, 0 32px 72px -16px #0009;--v2-scrim:#08090ca3;--v2-ride-column:#ffffff1a;--v2-ride-column-edge:#ffffff80;--v2-ride-ftp:#fff9;--v2-ride-grid:#ffffff14;--v2-ride-skipped-tint:24%}[data-theme]{color-scheme:light;color:var(--v2-ink);font-family:var(--v2-font-sans);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;letter-spacing:var(--v2-tracking-body)}[data-theme=dark]{color-scheme:dark}html,body{background:var(--v2-page);color:var(--v2-ink);font-family:var(--v2-font-sans);font-size:var(--font-size-md);-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;margin:0}*,:before,:after{box-sizing:border-box}:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--v2-focus);outline-offset:2px}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){:root{--motion-fast:0s;--motion-base:0s;--motion-draw:0s}}body{background:var(--v2-page);color:var(--v2-ink);font-family:var(--v2-font-sans);font-size:var(--font-size-md);margin:0;line-height:1.6}a{color:var(--v2-focus)}.site-header,.site-main,.site-footer{max-width:var(--layout-narrow);padding:var(--space-5) var(--space-4);margin:0 auto}.site-header{justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;display:flex}.site-name{color:var(--v2-ink);font-weight:var(--font-weight-heavy);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-wordmark);text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none}.site-footer{color:var(--v2-mute);font-size:var(--font-size-sm);border-top:var(--border-width) solid var(--v2-line-strong)}.notes-list{padding:0;list-style:none}.notes-list li{padding:var(--space-3) 0;border-bottom:var(--border-width) solid var(--v2-line-strong);flex-direction:column;display:flex}.notes-list span{color:var(--v2-mute);font-size:var(--font-size-sm)}.article{max-width:var(--layout-narrow);color:var(--v2-ink);font-family:var(--v2-font-sans);font-size:var(--font-size-md);line-height:1.6}.article a{color:var(--v2-focus)}.article-kind{color:var(--v2-mute);font-size:var(--font-size-xs);font-weight:var(--font-weight-bold);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-label);text-transform:uppercase;margin:0}.article h1{margin:var(--space-2) 0;font-size:var(--font-size-xl);font-weight:var(--font-weight-heavy);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-tight);line-height:1.2}.article-byline{gap:var(--space-3);margin:0 0 var(--space-5);color:var(--v2-mute);font-size:var(--font-size-sm);display:flex}.article-body h2{font-size:var(--font-size-lg)}.article-body img{max-width:100%}.article-body blockquote,.article-sources blockquote{margin:var(--space-2) 0;padding-left:var(--space-4);border-left:var(--border-width-thick) solid var(--v2-line-strong);color:var(--v2-mute)}.article-body code{font-family:var(--font-mono)}.article-sources{margin-top:var(--space-6);font-size:var(--font-size-sm)}.article-sources h2{font-size:var(--font-size-md)}.article-sources li p{margin:0}.article-disclosure{margin-top:var(--space-6);padding-top:var(--space-3);border-top:var(--border-width) solid var(--v2-line-strong);color:var(--v2-mute);font-size:var(--font-size-sm)}.press-line{margin:0 0 var(--space-4);font-size:var(--font-size-lg)}.press-draft,.press-missing{color:var(--v2-ink);font-size:var(--font-size-sm)}.press table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:var(--font-size-sm)}.press th,.press td{padding:var(--space-2);border-bottom:var(--border-width) solid var(--v2-line-strong);text-align:left}